Sarah Kalule on Plagiary

PLAGIARY an ambitious exploration of AI-integrated dance

Alisdair Macindoe: concept, direction, choreography, text, coding, sound design and set design

Sydney Opera House, Unwrapped Festival, 14th September 2024

reviewed by Sarah Kalule

Dimly lit dancers prepared behind a black scrim for the matinee of Plagiary, choreographed by Alisdair Macindoe, at Sydney Opera House’s Studio. Amongst them, a colourful array of clothes were lined up on racks as they dressed in mismatched outfits, finishing their costume with name-tagged bibs. Through projected captions and a robotic voice over, the audience was informed about the performance, including the option for participatory play—we received polarised glasses that blocked out the projections and the scrim stage wings. The grand gimmick was also revealed through the captions and voice: the performance was generated from randomised AI prompts that appeared on the screen as text throughout and was also fed to the dancers via their wireless earpieces. However, some ideas can only go so far, and here, for me, the concept outshone the work.

There were impressive concepts of plagiarism and autonomy shaping Plagiary. Responding to descriptive and action-based prompts, such as “walk onto the stage” and “traverse like gods”, the ten dancers floated and flickered across the stage, occasionally retreating behind the scrim. Their dancing was clearly experimental, carefully considered, and built upon technical contemporary dance skills. They displayed robust commitment as they transitioned through one postural phrase to the next in line with the AI’s fast paced commands, blurring the lines between self-initiative and AI responsive movement. However, ten minutes in, momentum plateaued. The work revealed its overall theme too early leaving little room for evolution. Perhaps this was an intentional decision, feeding into the idea of AI as a novice compared to human intelligence. The AI did prompt exciting sub-themes including AI-generated images, tales and interviews, however the lack of contrast and change as the performance evolved induced feelings of indifference. Even the performers’ ethereal gazes reflected their disconnect, making the work feel like a haphazard rehearsal. Had the AI fed the performers more risk-taking tasks, such as performing between states of compliance and rebellion, it might have made an impactful contrast. Nonetheless, the sameness of the prompts paved the way for the performers’ ability to make original choices. At times they were given the same task, but each unique take further affirmed their independence from the AI. While the overall theme was revealed too soon, these responses to tasks opened up a platform to query AI’s role in the performing arts, demonstrating the human choreographer as far more creative and capable in making performance.

The most compelling section of the work was a numbers game, where the dancers chose a number between one and five and moved when the AI called their number. With the prompt, “drop suddenly to the floor when you hear your number, then slowly rise”, their popcorn-like, explosive response brewed up an exciting anticipation. The audience did not know when the dancers would strike, offering a dynamic surprise as their movement was now unpredictable. Not only did this allow a contrasting moment in comparison to the force-fed prompts, this game was also an effective demonstration of flexible boundaries. It was a moment where AI and performers were working together and were dependent upon each other. Rather than having the AI set rigid frameworks, this numbers game set a foundational framework of performing a specific movement alongside the flexibility for the dancers to choose when to perform the movement, bringing the performers together as a harmonious ensemble. By working with the AI in this way, this further underscores the narrative of who’s in control—whether that be the AI or the performers.

In most cases, Macindoe positioned the AI as the dominant figure, but I question the sustainability of critiquing AI while leaning so heavily on it, if this was indeed his aim. Since AI lacks autonomy or desire, the effect of a controlling force feels inauthentic because it was really Macindoe orchestrating the initial ideas. The text prompts, ambient music and apocalyptic computer graphics, without deeper development, made the overall concept of the work feel awkward and emotionally flat.

While there were a couple of culturally diverse performers, the lack of equal representation limited the work’s depth. People from all walks of life have encountered AI, and an equal range of ages, body types, and dance experience would have enriched the interpretations, potentially further reflecting the diversity of unique perspectives.

Macindoe's Plagiary excels in initiating innovative performance ideas that interact with emerging technologies. Choreographically, there are compelling elements of body ownership where the performers’ decisions to enter or leave the stage contributed to a reclaiming of art affected by technology’s role in plagiarism. Performers Joel Fenton and Siobhan Lynch stood out as a hilarious and engaging duo in their impromptu interview, in which they recited the AI’s nonsensical tales. The ensemble was undoubtedly talented, displaying flair and commitment. The set design was a highlight, using playful light and shade effects with polarised glasses.

Though this Sydney premiere season was short, I would hope to see more development of Plagiary. Employing emerging technologies offers a gateway to explore untapped possibilities. However, when the excitement of AI fades, what makes the performance worth staying for? Answering this is crucial to prolonging momentum.

Plagiary is an ambitious and experimental exploration of AI-integrated dance, and with further development, it has the potential to succeed beyond using new technology as mere novelty.

PLAGIARY

Sydney Opera House, Unwrapped Festival, 12-14 September 2024

Alisdair Macindoe: concept, direction, choreography, text, coding, sound design and set design

Performers: Sam Beazley, Franky Drouisoti, Joel Fenton, Josh Freedman, Allie Graham, Tara Hodge, Grace Lewis, Siobhan Lynch, Frances Orlina, Sam Osborn

Video design, image design, coding: Sam Mcgilp

Software Development, Head Coder: Chris Chua

Costume Design, Prop Design: Andrew Treloar

Lighting Design: Amelia Lever-Davidson

Production Management: Zsuzsa Gaynor Mahaly

Producer: Penelope Leishman (Insite Arts)

Sarah Kalule is an artist exploring choreography, literature and experimental performance. With a strong interest in contemporary art theory, her current practice delves into her diasporic histories, theatrical jazz and presenting the body in space through bold imagery.

Erin Brannigan introduces Dancing Sydney Review Platform

Dancing Sydney Review Platform seeks to make a small contribution to addressing a lack of critical discourse, both now and historically, that would even begin to approach the published literature surrounding Australian visual art, music and theatre. Creative excellence requires dialogue with a community that is engaged, informed and committed. With space for arts reviews in major outlets slimmer than ever before, and a tradition of underwhelming or downright negligent publishing when it comes to dance criticism in this country, we need fresh strategies for gaining critical ground for Australian contemporary dance.

The already beleaguered artistic community involved in contemporary dance development and production in Australia might not survive one more widely read, but poorly informed critic. Yes, everyone's entitled to their opinion, but where is the equity in appointing expert commentators in our major papers across the visual arts, literature, theatre and dance who have an appropriate level of knowledge and care and can produce informed, well-written, and productively critical articles?

One example of this inequity is a recent review of INDance at Sydney Dance Company published in the SMH August 23, 2024. The critic opens with a wholesale damning of the field that amplifies the misconceptions and prejudices that the art form has been dogged by for many decades:

Modern dance cliches – the bad ones – often involve shapeless bags, near-darkness, long periods of repetitive or very slow movement and superfluous nudity. Perhaps this is why modern dance is sometimes unfairly labelled as self-indulgent or inaccessible.

Such repetitions of outdated clichés set us back yet again as we work to attract audiences to this artform through informed discourse. The sensationalist tone of this review is in line with ‘shock-jock tactics’: attempts to win reader attention at the expense of reviewing excellence. This is an extremely outdated and unethical mode, unworthy of publication in any self-respecting outlet.

Who evaluates the critic? Who has gained the stripes to translate Australian Contemporary Dance for broader audiences, an art form that has its references in international, cutting-edge practices, and the broader contemporary arts? Visual art criticism in this country has boasted giants such as Robert Hughes, controversial voices such as John McDonald, and a new generation of artist-critics such as Lisa Radford and Neha Kale. Literary criticism has had artist-critics such as Patrick White and Drusilla Modjeska as well as new voices Jeanine Leane, Cher Tan and Prithvi Varatharajan. Theatre has had the brilliant James Waites, Alison Croggan and my colleague at UNSW, John McCallum. Music has Andrew Ford and the brilliant Robert Forster.

Why is contemporary dance consistently shuffled into the 'too hard' basket? Where is the editorial duty-of-care? What attempts are made to research the best candidate for this work? RealTime arts journal did so much to build serious critical dialogue around dance, with an impressive roll call of top-notch writers; Eleanor Brickhill, Philippa Rothfield, and Andrew Fuhrmann. Justine Shih Pearson has published some excellent reviews in The Conversation, and Vicki Van Hout’s review blog for FORM Dance Projects (2013-) in Sydney provides crucial archives of works that may not have been covered anywhere else.

Dancing Sydney Review Platform is supported by local dance writers and scholars who see dance criticism as an essential part of any healthy dance ecology. In supporting new and emerging writers through editorial support and guidance, we hope to sow some seeds for future quality writings on dance.

Erin Brannigan